Sharding is a method used to split data into smaller, more manageable pieces called shards. Each shard contains a subset of the total data and can be stored on a separate server or database. This approach helps systems handle larger amounts of data and traffic by spreading the workload across multiple machines.
EVM compatibility means that a blockchain can run software and smart contracts designed for the Ethereum Virtual Machine. This allows developers to use familiar tools and programming languages when building applications on different blockchains. Blockchains with EVM compatibility can interact with Ethereum-based apps and services more easily.
Nakamoto Consensus is the method used by Bitcoin and similar cryptocurrencies to agree on the transaction history of the network. It combines a process called proof-of-work, where computers solve complex puzzles, with rules that help the network decide which version of the blockchain is correct. This ensures that everyone on the network can trust the…
A validator node is a computer in a blockchain network that checks and approves transactions to ensure they follow the rules. Validator nodes help keep the network secure and trustworthy by confirming that each transaction is valid before it is added to the blockchain. People or organisations who run validator nodes are often rewarded for…
Off-chain voting refers to any voting process that happens outside a blockchain network. Instead of recording each vote directly on the blockchain, votes are collected and managed using external systems, such as websites, databases, or messaging platforms. The results can later be submitted to the blockchain for verification or action if needed. This method can…
On-chain governance is a way for blockchain communities to make decisions and manage changes directly on the blockchain. It enables stakeholders, such as token holders, to propose, vote on, and implement changes using transparent, automated processes. This system helps ensure that rule changes and upgrades are agreed upon by the community and are recorded openly…
A Decentralised Exchange, often called a DEX, is a platform that allows people to trade cryptocurrencies directly with each other without using a central authority or intermediary. Instead of relying on a company or organisation to manage trades, DEXs use smart contracts and blockchain technology to automate transactions. This means users have control over their…
Chain reorganisation is a process that occurs in blockchain networks when two versions of the transaction history temporarily exist and the network must decide which one to continue building upon. This usually happens when miners find blocks at nearly the same time, creating competing chains. The network resolves this by choosing the longest valid chain,…
A cross-chain bridge is a technology that allows digital assets or data to move between different blockchain networks. It acts as a link, enabling users to transfer tokens or information from one blockchain to another without needing a central authority. This helps blockchains interact and work together, making it easier for users to access a…
Layer 2 scaling refers to technologies built on top of existing blockchains, such as Ethereum, to make them faster and cheaper to use. These solutions handle transactions off the main blockchain, then report back with a summary, reducing congestion and costs. This approach helps blockchains support more users and activity without changing the core system.