Coin mixing is a process used to improve the privacy of cryptocurrency transactions. It involves combining multiple users’ coins and redistributing them so it becomes difficult to trace which coins belong to whom. This helps to obscure the transaction history and protect the identities of the users involved. Coin mixing is commonly used with cryptocurrencies…
Threshold signatures are a type of digital signature system where a group of people or computers can collectively sign a message, but only if a minimum number of them agree. This minimum number is called the threshold. No individual member can produce a valid signature alone, which increases security and trust. Threshold signatures are useful…
Verifiable Secret Sharing is a cryptographic method where a secret, such as a password or encryption key, is split into several parts and distributed to different participants. Each part alone is not enough to reveal the secret. What makes the scheme verifiable is that participants can check that the shares they receive are valid and…
Validium scaling is a method used to increase the number of transactions a blockchain can handle by processing data off the main chain. It keeps transaction data outside the blockchain while using cryptographic proofs to confirm transactions are valid. This approach helps to lower costs and make transactions faster, without overloading the main network.
Privacy-preserving smart contracts are digital agreements that run on blockchains while keeping user data and transaction details confidential. Unlike regular smart contracts, which are transparent and visible to everyone, these use advanced cryptography to ensure sensitive information stays hidden. This allows people to use blockchain technology without exposing their personal or business details to the…
Differential privacy is a technique that protects the privacy of individuals in a dataset by adding mathematical noise to the data or its analysis results. In blockchain systems, this method can be used to share useful information from the blockchain without revealing sensitive details about specific users or transactions. By applying differential privacy, blockchain projects…
Secure aggregation is a technique that allows multiple parties to combine their data so that only the final result is revealed, and individual contributions remain private. This is especially useful when sensitive information needs to be analysed collectively without exposing any single person’s data. It is often used in distributed computing and privacy-preserving machine learning…
Oblivious Transfer is a cryptographic method that allows a sender to transfer one of potentially many pieces of information to a receiver, but remains unaware of which piece was chosen. At the same time, the receiver only learns the piece they select and nothing about the others. This technique is important for privacy-preserving protocols where…
Secret sharing schemes are methods used to split a secret, such as a password or encryption key, into several parts or shares. Each share is given to a different person or system. Only when a certain number of these shares are combined can the original secret be reconstructed. This approach helps protect sensitive information by…
A key escrow system is a security arrangement where encryption keys are held in trust by a third party, known as an escrow agent. The purpose is to ensure that, under specific circumstances like legal requests or emergencies, the keys can be accessed if needed. This allows encrypted data to be recovered even if the…