A key escrow system is a security arrangement where encryption keys are held in trust by a third party, known as an escrow agent. The purpose is to ensure that, under specific circumstances like legal requests or emergencies, the keys can be accessed if needed. This allows encrypted data to be recovered even if the…

Identity-Based Encryption (IBE) is a method of encrypting messages so that a person’s public key can be derived from their unique identity, such as their email address. This removes the need for a traditional public key infrastructure where users must generate and exchange certificates. Instead, a trusted authority uses the identity information to create the…

Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) is a way of encrypting data where access is controlled by the characteristics, or attributes, of the user rather than their identity. Instead of giving someone a key directly, the system checks whether the person trying to access the information has the right set of attributes, such as their role or department….

Functional encryption is a method of encrypting data so that only specific functions or computations can be performed on the data without revealing the entire underlying information. Instead of simply decrypting all the data, users receive a special key that allows them to learn only the result of a chosen function applied to the encrypted…

Secure Multi-Party Computation is a set of methods that allow multiple parties to jointly compute a result using their private data, without revealing their individual inputs to each other. The goal is to ensure that no one learns more than what can be inferred from the final output. These techniques are used to protect sensitive…

Post-Quantum Cryptography is a field of cryptography focused on developing encryption methods that can withstand attacks from quantum computers. Quantum computers are expected to be able to break many current cryptographic systems, making it essential to create new algorithms that remain secure. These new methods are designed to be implemented using existing computers and networks,…

Quantum-resistant cryptography refers to methods of securing digital data so that it remains safe even if quantum computers become powerful enough to break current encryption. Traditional cryptographic systems, like RSA and ECC, could be easily broken by quantum computers using specialised algorithms. Quantum-resistant algorithms are designed to withstand these new threats, keeping data secure for…