Network segmentation is the practice of dividing a computer network into smaller, isolated sections. Each segment can have its own security rules and access controls, which helps limit the spread of threats and improves performance. By separating sensitive systems from general traffic, organisations can better manage who has access to what.
A hash collision occurs when two different pieces of data are processed by a hash function and produce the same output value, known as a hash. Hash functions are designed to turn data of any size into a fixed-size value, but because there are more possible inputs than outputs, collisions are unavoidable. Hash collisions can…
A Security Operations Centre (SOC) is a dedicated team or facility that monitors and manages an organisation’s security systems. Its main job is to detect, analyse, and respond to cyber security incidents using both technology and skilled staff. The SOC works around the clock to protect sensitive data and systems from threats, ensuring quick action…
An air-gapped network is a computer network that is physically isolated from other networks, especially the public internet. This means there are no direct or indirect connections, such as cables or wireless links, between the air-gapped network and outside systems. Air-gapped networks are used to protect sensitive data or critical systems by making it much…
A vulnerability assessment is a process that identifies and evaluates weaknesses in computer systems, networks, or applications that could be exploited by threats. This assessment helps organisations find security gaps before attackers do, so they can fix them and reduce risk. The process often includes scanning for known flaws, misconfigurations, and outdated software that could…
Penetration testing is a security practice where experts try to find and exploit weaknesses in a computer system, network, or application. The goal is to uncover vulnerabilities before malicious hackers do, helping organisations fix them. This is often done by simulating real cyberattacks in a controlled and authorised way.
Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) is a technology that helps organisations monitor and analyse security events across their IT systems. It gathers data from various sources like servers, applications, and network devices, then looks for patterns that might indicate a security problem. SIEM solutions help security teams detect, investigate, and respond to threats more…
A Man-in-the-Middle Attack is a type of cyber attack where someone secretly intercepts and possibly alters the communication between two parties who believe they are directly communicating with each other. The attacker can read, modify, or inject messages without either party knowing. This can lead to stolen information, such as passwords or credit card numbers,…
An insider threat refers to a risk to an organisation that comes from people within the company, such as employees, contractors or business partners. These individuals have inside information or access to systems and may misuse it, either intentionally or accidentally, causing harm to the organisation. Insider threats can involve theft of data, sabotage, fraud…
Data exfiltration is the unauthorised transfer of data from a computer or network. It often happens when someone gains access to sensitive information and moves it outside the organisation without permission. This can be done through various means, such as email, cloud storage, or portable devices, and is a major concern for businesses and individuals…