Control Flow Integrity, or CFI, is a security technique used to prevent attackers from making a computer program run in unintended ways. It works by ensuring that the order in which a program’s instructions are executed follows a pre-defined, legitimate path. This stops common attacks where malicious software tries to hijack the flow of a…

Address Space Layout Randomisation (ASLR) is a security technique used by operating systems to randomly arrange the memory addresses used by system and application processes. By shuffling the locations of key data areas, such as the stack, heap, and libraries, ASLR makes it harder for hackers to predict where specific code or data is stored….

Fault tolerance in security refers to a system’s ability to continue operating safely even when some of its parts fail or are attacked. It involves designing computer systems and networks so that if one component is damaged or compromised, the rest of the system can still function and protect sensitive information. By using redundancy, backups,…

Secure element integration refers to adding a dedicated hardware chip or module into a device to store sensitive data and perform secure operations. This chip is designed to keep information like passwords, cryptographic keys, and payment details safe from hacking or unauthorised access. By isolating these functions from the rest of the device, secure elements…

A Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is a small hardware chip built into many modern computers. It is designed to provide secure storage for encryption keys, passwords, and other sensitive data. The TPM helps protect information from theft or tampering, even if someone has physical access to the computer. TPMs can also help verify that a…

A Hardware Security Module (HSM) is a physical device that safely manages and stores digital keys used for encryption, decryption, and authentication. It is designed to protect sensitive data by performing cryptographic operations in a secure environment, making it very difficult for unauthorised users to access or steal cryptographic keys. HSMs are often used by…

Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting computers, networks, and data from unauthorised access, damage, or theft. It involves using technology, processes, and policies to keep information safe and ensure systems work as intended. The goal is to prevent attacks such as hacking, viruses, and data breaches that can put people or organisations at risk.

Patch management is the process of updating software, operating systems, or applications to fix security vulnerabilities, correct bugs, or improve performance. It involves identifying which patches are needed, obtaining and testing them, and then deploying them to devices or systems. Proper patch management helps organisations reduce the risk of cyber attacks and ensures their technology…