Transformer decoders are a component of the transformer neural network architecture, designed to generate sequences one step at a time. They work by taking in previously generated data and context information to predict the next item in a sequence, such as the next word in a sentence. Transformer decoders are often used in tasks that…
Self-supervised learning is a type of machine learning where a system teaches itself by finding patterns in unlabelled data. Instead of relying on humans to label the data, the system creates its own tasks and learns from them. This approach allows computers to make use of large amounts of raw data, which are often easier…
Catastrophic forgetting is a problem in machine learning where a model trained on new data quickly loses its ability to recall or perform well on tasks it previously learned. This happens most often when a neural network is trained on one task, then retrained on a different task without access to the original data. As…
Curriculum Learning is a method in machine learning where a model is trained on easier examples first, then gradually introduced to more difficult ones. This approach is inspired by how humans often learn, starting with basic concepts before moving on to more complex ideas. The goal is to help the model learn more effectively and…
AI for Drug Discovery refers to the use of artificial intelligence techniques to help identify and develop new medicines. These systems can analyse large amounts of scientific data much faster than humans, finding patterns and connections that might otherwise be missed. By using AI, researchers can predict how different chemical compounds might affect the body,…
Computational neuroscience is the study of how the brain processes information using mathematical models, computer simulations, and theoretical analysis. It aims to understand how networks of neurons work together to produce thoughts, behaviours, and perceptions. Researchers use computers to simulate brain functions and predict how changes in brain structure or activity affect behaviour.
Optical neural networks are artificial intelligence systems that use light instead of electricity to perform calculations and process information. They rely on optical components like lasers, lenses, and light modulators to mimic the way traditional neural networks operate, but at much faster speeds and with lower energy consumption. By processing data with photons rather than…
Spiking Neural Networks, or SNNs, are a type of artificial neural network designed to work more like the human brain. They process information using spikes, which are brief electrical pulses, rather than continuous signals. This makes them more energy efficient and suitable for certain tasks. SNNs are particularly good at handling data that changes over…
Causal Effect Variational Autoencoders are a type of machine learning model designed to learn not just patterns in data, but also the underlying causes and effects. By combining ideas from causal inference and variational autoencoders, these models aim to separate factors that truly cause changes in outcomes from those that are just correlated. This helps…
Neural network pruning is a technique used to reduce the size and complexity of artificial neural networks by removing unnecessary or less important connections, neurons, or layers. This process helps make models smaller and faster without significantly affecting their accuracy. Pruning often follows the training of a large model, where the least useful parts are…