An air-gapped network is a computer network that is physically isolated from other networks, especially the public internet. This means there are no direct or indirect connections, such as cables or wireless links, between the air-gapped network and outside systems. Air-gapped networks are used to protect sensitive data or critical systems by making it much…
Ransomware containment refers to the steps taken to stop ransomware from spreading to other computers or systems once it has been detected. This process aims to limit damage by isolating infected devices, cutting off network access, and preventing further files from being encrypted. Effective containment helps organisations recover more quickly and reduces the risk of…
A vulnerability assessment is a process that identifies and evaluates weaknesses in computer systems, networks, or applications that could be exploited by threats. This assessment helps organisations find security gaps before attackers do, so they can fix them and reduce risk. The process often includes scanning for known flaws, misconfigurations, and outdated software that could…
Penetration testing is a security practice where experts try to find and exploit weaknesses in a computer system, network, or application. The goal is to uncover vulnerabilities before malicious hackers do, helping organisations fix them. This is often done by simulating real cyberattacks in a controlled and authorised way.
Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) is a technology that helps organisations monitor and analyse security events across their IT systems. It gathers data from various sources like servers, applications, and network devices, then looks for patterns that might indicate a security problem. SIEM solutions help security teams detect, investigate, and respond to threats more…
Command and Control (C2) refers to the process by which leaders direct and manage resources, personnel, and operations to achieve specific goals. It involves making decisions, issuing orders, and ensuring that those orders are followed effectively. C2 systems help coordinate actions, share information, and maintain oversight in complex environments, such as military operations, emergency management,…
A malware sandbox is a secure, isolated digital environment where suspicious files or programmes can be run and observed without risking the safety of the main computer or network. It allows security professionals to analyse how potentially harmful software behaves, looking for signs of malicious activity like stealing data or damaging files. By using a…
Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) is a cybersecurity tool designed to monitor, detect, and respond to threats on devices such as computers, smartphones, and servers. EDR systems collect data from these endpoints and analyse it to find suspicious activity or attacks. They also help security teams investigate incidents and take action to stop threats quickly….
Phishing simulation is a security exercise where organisations send fake phishing emails to their own staff to test how well employees can spot and avoid suspicious messages. The main goal is to identify weaknesses in staff awareness and train them to recognise real phishing attacks. This helps reduce the risk that employees will click on…
A Man-in-the-Middle Attack is a type of cyber attack where someone secretly intercepts and possibly alters the communication between two parties who believe they are directly communicating with each other. The attacker can read, modify, or inject messages without either party knowing. This can lead to stolen information, such as passwords or credit card numbers,…