A malware sandbox is a secure, isolated digital environment where suspicious files or programmes can be run and observed without risking the safety of the main computer or network. It allows security professionals to analyse how potentially harmful software behaves, looking for signs of malicious activity like stealing data or damaging files. By using a…
Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) is a cybersecurity tool designed to monitor, detect, and respond to threats on devices such as computers, smartphones, and servers. EDR systems collect data from these endpoints and analyse it to find suspicious activity or attacks. They also help security teams investigate incidents and take action to stop threats quickly….
Phishing simulation is a security exercise where organisations send fake phishing emails to their own staff to test how well employees can spot and avoid suspicious messages. The main goal is to identify weaknesses in staff awareness and train them to recognise real phishing attacks. This helps reduce the risk that employees will click on…
A Man-in-the-Middle Attack is a type of cyber attack where someone secretly intercepts and possibly alters the communication between two parties who believe they are directly communicating with each other. The attacker can read, modify, or inject messages without either party knowing. This can lead to stolen information, such as passwords or credit card numbers,…
An insider threat refers to a risk to an organisation that comes from people within the company, such as employees, contractors or business partners. These individuals have inside information or access to systems and may misuse it, either intentionally or accidentally, causing harm to the organisation. Insider threats can involve theft of data, sabotage, fraud…
Data exfiltration is the unauthorised transfer of data from a computer or network. It often happens when someone gains access to sensitive information and moves it outside the organisation without permission. This can be done through various means, such as email, cloud storage, or portable devices, and is a major concern for businesses and individuals…
An attack surface is the total number of ways an attacker can try to gain unauthorised access to a computer system, network, or application. It includes all the points where someone could try to enter or extract data, such as websites, software interfaces, hardware devices, and even employees. Reducing the attack surface means closing or…
Lateral movement is a technique where an attacker, after gaining initial access to a computer or network, moves sideways within the environment to access additional systems or data. This often involves using stolen credentials or exploiting weak security on other devices. The goal is to find valuable information or gain higher privileges without being detected.
Privilege escalation is a process where someone gains access to higher levels of permissions or control within a computer system or network than they are meant to have. This usually happens when a user or attacker finds a weakness in the system and uses it to gain extra powers, such as the ability to change…
Threat intelligence is information collected, analysed, and used to understand current and potential cyber threats. It helps organisations know what types of attacks are happening, who might be behind them, and how to protect their systems. This knowledge allows security teams to make better decisions and respond more effectively to cyber incidents.