OAuth vulnerabilities are security weaknesses that can occur in applications or systems using the OAuth protocol for authorising user access. These flaws might let attackers bypass permissions, steal access tokens, or impersonate users. Common vulnerabilities include improper redirect URI validation, weak token storage, and insufficient user consent checks.
Kerberos exploitation refers to techniques used by attackers to abuse weaknesses or misconfigurations in the Kerberos authentication protocol. Kerberos is widely used in Windows environments to manage secure logins and resource access. Attackers can exploit vulnerabilities to gain unauthorised access, impersonate users, or escalate their privileges within a network.
Identity and Access Management (IAM) is a set of processes and technologies used to ensure that the right individuals have the appropriate access to resources in an organisation. It involves verifying who someone is and controlling what they are allowed to do or see. IAM helps protect sensitive data by making sure only authorised people…
Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) is a security process that requires users to provide two or more independent credentials to verify their identity. These credentials typically fall into categories such as something you know, like a password, something you have, such as a phone or security token, and something you are, like a fingerprint or facial recognition….
Brute force protection is a set of measures used to stop attackers from repeatedly guessing passwords or access codes in an attempt to break into an account or system. It works by detecting and limiting repeated failed login attempts, often by locking accounts or introducing delays after several wrong tries. These methods help keep information…
A supply chain attack is when a cybercriminal targets a business by exploiting weaknesses in its suppliers or service providers. Instead of attacking the business directly, the attacker compromises software, hardware, or services that the business relies on. This type of attack can have wide-reaching effects, as it may impact many organisations using the same…
An exploit chain is a sequence of vulnerabilities or security weaknesses that an attacker uses together to achieve a specific goal, such as gaining unauthorised access or installing malicious software. Instead of relying on a single flaw, the attacker combines several smaller issues, where each step leads to the next. This approach allows attackers to…
Rootkit detection is the process of finding hidden software known as rootkits on a computer or network. Rootkits are designed to hide their presence and allow attackers to control a system without being noticed. Detecting them often involves scanning for unusual changes in files, processes, or system behaviour that may indicate something is being concealed.
DNS spoofing is a cyber attack where a hacker tricks a computer into thinking it is connecting to a legitimate website when it is actually being directed to a fake one. This is done by corrupting the Domain Name System (DNS) data used to match website names with the correct servers. As a result, users…
Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) is a method used by network devices to examine the data part and header of packets as they pass through a checkpoint. Unlike basic packet filtering, which only looks at simple information like addresses or port numbers, DPI analyses the actual content within the data packets. This allows systems to identify,…