Statechain protocols are a type of cryptographic technology designed to transfer ownership of digital assets, such as Bitcoin, without moving them on the public blockchain. Instead, control over the asset is passed between parties using a secure chain of signatures and encrypted messages, which are verified by a trusted server called a statechain entity. This…
Covenant-enabled transactions are a type of smart contract mechanism in blockchain systems that allow rules to be set on how coins can be spent in the future. With covenants, you can restrict or specify the conditions under which a transaction output can be used, such as who can spend it, when, or how. This helps…
Discreet Log Contracts, or DLCs, are a way to create smart contracts on Bitcoin and similar blockchains. They allow two or more parties to make a financial contract that is settled according to an agreed outcome, such as the price of an asset on a certain date, without revealing the contract details on the blockchain….
Taproot upgrades are improvements made to the Bitcoin network to enhance privacy, efficiency, and flexibility. They allow complex transactions to look like simple ones, making it harder to distinguish between different types of Bitcoin spending. These upgrades also make it cheaper and easier to use advanced features like multi-signature wallets and smart contracts.
MuSig2 is a cryptographic protocol that allows multiple people to create a single digital signature together. This makes it possible for a group to jointly authorise a transaction or message without revealing each person’s individual signature. MuSig2 is efficient, more private, and reduces the size of signatures compared to traditional multi-signature methods.
Aggregate signatures are a cryptographic technique that allows multiple digital signatures from different users to be combined into a single, compact signature. This combined signature can then be verified to confirm that each participant individually signed their specific message. The main benefit is that it saves space and improves efficiency, especially when dealing with many…
Threshold signatures are a type of digital signature system where a group of people or computers can collectively sign a message, but only if a minimum number of them agree. This minimum number is called the threshold. No individual member can produce a valid signature alone, which increases security and trust. Threshold signatures are useful…
Flashbots architecture refers to the system and methods used to connect blockchain users, searchers, and miners or validators in a way that allows for transparent and efficient transaction ordering. It helps prevent unfair practices like front-running by creating a separate communication channel for submitting and processing transactions. The architecture uses off-chain communication and specialised software…
MEV auctions are systems used in blockchain networks to decide which transactions are included in a block and in what order, based on bids. MEV stands for maximal extractable value, which is the extra profit that can be made by rearranging or inserting certain transactions. These auctions allow different parties to compete for the right…
Gas limit adjustments refer to changing the maximum amount of computational effort, or gas, that can be used for a transaction or block on blockchain networks like Ethereum. Setting the gas limit correctly ensures that transactions are processed efficiently and do not consume excessive resources. Adjusting the gas limit helps balance network performance, cost, and…