Value function approximation is a technique in machine learning and reinforcement learning where a mathematical function is used to estimate the value of being in a particular situation or state. Instead of storing a value for every possible situation, which can be impractical in large or complex environments, an approximation uses a formula or model…
Category: Artificial Intelligence
Policy Iteration Techniques
Policy iteration techniques are methods used in reinforcement learning to find the best way for an agent to make decisions in a given environment. The process involves two main steps: evaluating how good a current plan or policy is, and then improving it based on what has been learned. By repeating these steps, the technique…
Transformer Decoders
Transformer decoders are a component of the transformer neural network architecture, designed to generate sequences one step at a time. They work by taking in previously generated data and context information to predict the next item in a sequence, such as the next word in a sentence. Transformer decoders are often used in tasks that…
Knowledge Graphs
A knowledge graph is a way of organising information that connects facts and concepts together, showing how they relate to each other. It uses nodes to represent things like people, places or ideas, and links to show the relationships between them. This makes it easier for computers to understand and use complex information, helping with…
Self-Supervised Learning
Self-supervised learning is a type of machine learning where a system teaches itself by finding patterns in unlabelled data. Instead of relying on humans to label the data, the system creates its own tasks and learns from them. This approach allows computers to make use of large amounts of raw data, which are often easier…
Catastrophic Forgetting
Catastrophic forgetting is a problem in machine learning where a model trained on new data quickly loses its ability to recall or perform well on tasks it previously learned. This happens most often when a neural network is trained on one task, then retrained on a different task without access to the original data. As…
Curriculum Learning
Curriculum Learning is a method in machine learning where a model is trained on easier examples first, then gradually introduced to more difficult ones. This approach is inspired by how humans often learn, starting with basic concepts before moving on to more complex ideas. The goal is to help the model learn more effectively and…
Virtual Reality Training
Virtual reality training uses computer-generated environments to simulate real-life scenarios, allowing people to practise skills or learn new information in a safe, controlled setting. Trainees wear special headsets and sometimes use handheld controllers to interact with the virtual world. This method can mimic dangerous, expensive, or hard-to-recreate situations, making it easier to prepare for them…
User Experience Optimization
User Experience Optimization is the process of improving how people interact with a website, app or digital product to make it easier and more enjoyable to use. It involves understanding what users want, how they behave and removing obstacles that might frustrate them. This can include adjusting layouts, speeding up load times, simplifying navigation or…
Sentiment Analysis Systems
Sentiment analysis systems are computer programmes that automatically identify and interpret the emotional tone behind pieces of text. They determine whether the sentiment expressed is positive, negative, or neutral, and sometimes even more detailed moods. These systems are commonly used to analyse texts such as social media posts, reviews, and customer feedback to understand public…